The great blood vessels alongside the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae (aorta, inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, azygos vein and the hemiazygos vein, seen from behind).

Translated by: Ronald A. Bergman, PhD and Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed

a) First rib (s. costa I).
b) Sternum.
c) Costal cartilage.
d) Superior vena cava.
e) Inferior vena cava.
f) Ascending aorta.
g) Aortic arch (with the brachiocephalic, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries).
h) Thoracic (descending) aorta.
i) Abdominal (descending) aorta.

1. azygoa vein.
2. hemiazygos vein.
3. intercostals arteries and veins.
4. lumbar arteries and veins.

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