Plate 16: Heart and its openings.

Translated by: Ronald A. Bergman, PhD and Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed


  1. The intact heart seen from the anterior surface lying in the opened pericardium.
  2. The intact heart seen from its dorsal surface, with the pericardium removed.
  3. The heart seen from the anterior surface with opened heart chambers.
  4. The heart seen from the right side with opened right vestibule.
  5. Right heart chamber, opened from its anterior surface.
  6. The left heart chamber, opened anteriorly.
  7. Cross section through the vestibule, the aorta and pulmonary artery are seen from above as well as the valves of the two ventricles all of which are closed.
  8. Cross section through both ventricles horizontal to the longitudinal axis of the heart (seen from the front).
Plate 16: Heart and its openings.
Title Page The intact heart seen from the anterior surface lying in the opened pericardium The intact heart seen from its dorsal surface, with the pericardium removed The heart seen from the anterior surface with opened heart chambers The heart seen from the right side with opened right vestibule Right heart chamber, opened from its anterior surface The left heart chamber, opened anteriorly. Cross section through the vestibule Cross section through both ventricles horizontal to the longitudinal axis of the heart