Immunostimulant and vaccination in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon Fabricius : II. Production of vaccine from Vibrio harveyi and its application in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabricius)

Immunostimulant and vaccination in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon Fabricius : II. Production of vaccine from Vibrio harveyi and its application in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabricius)
สารกระตุ้นภูมิคุ้มกันและการใช้วัคซีนในกุ้งกุลาดำ : II. การผลิตวัคซีนจาก Vibrio harveyi และการประยุกต์ใช้ในกุ้งกุลาดำ (Penaeus monodon Fabricius)

Sawitri Silakes, Coastal Aquaculture Division, D. of Fisheries, Bangkok
Kidchakan Supamattaya, Assoc. Prof., D. of Aquatic Sci., F. of Natural Resources, PSU.
Corresponding e-mail : skidchak@ratree.psu.ac.th

Grant : BIOTEC
Published : Songklanakarin J Sci Technol 2000, 22(Suppl.) : 663-676
Key words : vaccine, Vibrio harveyi, phenoloxidase, superoxide anion, Penaeus monodon

The luminescent bacterium Vibrio harveyi was isolated from infected black tiger shrimp and identified biochemically. The bacterium was incubated at room temperature for 24 hours in Tryptic Soy Broth. The cells were then killed by ultrasonic homogenization. The sterility of the vaccine was confirmed. The vaccine was then lyophilized and preserved in dried form.

The vaccine was administered to the black tiger shrimp using two methods; oral and immer- sion. Oral administration was with the dry vaccine mixed with feed at 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1% of the total weight of the feed. The immersion solution was prepared by diluting 2.5% vaccine solution to 1 : 250 (vaccine : seawater). Shrimp were immersed in the dilute solution for five hours. The treatment was repeated 14 days after the first immersion. Blood was collected from black tiger shrimp at 10, 20 and 30 days post vaccination. It was analyzed for phenoloxidase activity, superoxide anion production, bacterial clearance from haemolymph and disease resistance against V. harveyi.

These methods produced positive results in clearing bacteria from the haemolymph, and in disease resistance against V. harveyi. The overall survival (RPS) was less than 60%, leading to the conclusion that vaccine administered by either oral or immersion methods has a low protection factor for black tiger shrimp. In the oral trial, there was no significant difference among the 0.1, 0.5 and 1% vaccine added to the feed.

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