Hyposalivation, xerostomia and oral candidiasis in a group of
HIV-infected patients in Thailand
ภาวะน้ำลายน้อย ปากแห้ง และการติดเชื้อราในช่องปากในกลุ่มผู้ติดเชื้อเอชไอวีในประเทศไทย
Wipawee Nittayananta, Assoc. Prof., D. of Stomatology, F. of Dentistry, PSU.
Nilnara Chanowanna, D. of Stomatology, F. of Dentistry, PSU.
Sureerath Jealae, Microbiological Unit, F. of Dentistry, PSU.
Birgitte Nauntofte, School of Dentistry, U. of Copenhagen, Denmark
Erik Dabelsteen, School of Dentistry, U. of Copenhagen, Denmark
Kaj Stoltze, School of Dentistry, U. of Copenhagen, Denmark
Corresponding e-mail : nwipawee@ratree.psu.ac.th
Grant : Prince of Songkla University
Published : Research Report
Key words : AIDS, HIV, hyposalivation, oral candidiasis, medication, xerostomia
The purpose of this study was to assess the salivary flow rate and xerostomia in HIV and HIV free subjects with a well-controlled consumption of medications. It also aims to correlate salivary
flow rate and the stage of HIV infection, colony forming units of Candida and the presence of oral candidiasis. A cross-sectional study was performed in the two different regions of Thailand; in the
north and in the south. One hundred and thirty-five subjects were enrolled (56 HIV-seropositive, mean age : 34.5 years and 79 HIV-seronegative individuals, mean age : 29.5 years). A measurement of
saliva flow rate comprised both unstimulated and wax-stimulated whole saliva using the draining method. The effect of HIV serostatus, stage of HIV infection : asymptomatic, symptomatic, AIDS,
and medications on the flow rates were analyzed. The unstimulated flow rates in the HIV+ and HIV- group were 0.19 and 0.23 (P~0.35). For stimulated flow rates the corresponding figures were 1.47
and 1.57 (P~0.60). With respect to stage of HIV infection the unstimulated flow rate was signifi-
cantly higher in the asymptomatic group : 0.32, when compared to the symptomatic and AIDS group 0.13 and 0.16 respectively (P<0.05). No significant difference between the groups could be found
with respect to stimulated flow rate. In the same order the mean values were 1.66, 1.36 and 1.45.
With respect to medication, no significant difference could be demonstrated between the groups of subjects with or without xerostomia-inducing drugs neither regarding unstimulated or stimulated
flow rates. For unstimulated saliva the values were 0.20 and 0.28 and for stimulated saliva 1.74 and 1.56. It was found that the following factors were significantly associated with hyposalivation; sex, stage of HIV infection, risk group, systemic disease, smoking habit, and alcohol consumption. Hypo-salivation was not found to be significant associated with the presence of oral candidiasis, colony forming unit of Candida, and the presence of cervical/root caries. This study indicated that there are only minor changes in salivary flow rate among HIV-infected individuals with respect to medication.
BACK